When it comes to historical homes, those built in the early 20th century often stand out due to their unique architectural styles and the distinct cultural shifts that influenced their construction. Among these homes, properties built in 1910 and 1930 show case two distinct eras: the turn of the century and the aftermath of the Great Depression. In this article, we will compare and contrast homes built in 1910 versus those built in 1930, focusing on architectural styles, construction materials, design elements, and the broader historical context.
Historical Context: 1910 vs 1930
To truly understand the differences between homes built in 1910 and those built in 1930, it is important to first consider the social, economic, and cultural environments of these years.
- Homes Built in 1910: The year 1910 marked the end of the Victorian era and the beginning of the Edwardian period in architecture. During this time, America was experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization, but there was still a significant influence from traditional, ornamental designs. The affluent class sought larger homes with intricate detailing, while the working class began to move away from cramped tenements into more suburban, detached homes.
- Homes Built in 1930: By 1930, the world had entered the depths of the Great Depression. Economic struggles shaped construction practices, leading to the rise of more modest, practical homes. The influence of the Victorian era had largely faded, replaced by simpler, more streamlined designs that reflected the era’s challenges. The 1920s saw the rise of the “bungalow” style, which continued to be popular in the 1930s, but with subtle changes that reflected the economic climate.
Architectural Styles: Ornamentation vs. Simplicity
One of the most notable differences between homes built in 1910 and those built in 1930 is the architectural style. These two decades are representative of two distinct design movements in American history.
- Homes Built in 1910: Homes from this era were heavily influenced by the last years of the Victorian period, with elements of the Edwardian style. These homes often featured intricate detailing, such as decorative moldings, stained glass windows, and ornate woodwork. Many homes were built in the Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Craftsman styles. Queen Anne homes typically had asymmetrical facades, high-pitched roofs, and a mix of materials such as brick, wood, and stone. Colonial Revival homes showcased classical elements like columns and gable roofs, while Craftsman homes emphasized handcrafted woodwork, wide eaves, and open floor plans.
- Homes Built in 1930: By 1930, the ornamentation of the earlier era had fallen out of favor. The Great Depression had shifted priorities toward more functional, cost-effective designs. The Bungalow style, which emerged in the early 20th century, continued to be popular, but the homes built in the 1930s featured more simple, modest designs. Popular styles included the Colonial Revival, Mediterranean Revival, and Art Deco. These homes tended to have more straightforward, boxy shapes, with less emphasis on ornate detailing. Colonial Revival homes in the 1930s, for example, had simpler facades with fewer decorative elements, while Mediterranean Revival homes often featured stucco exteriors and terracotta roofs.
Construction Materials: Quality and Durability
The materials used in construction also reflect the differences between homes built in 1910 and those built in 1930.
- Homes Built in 1910: During the early 20th century, the materials used in construction were often of high quality. Solid wood framing, brick, stone, and high-grade lumber were commonly used for structural and decorative elements. In affluent neighborhoods, homes were built with high-end materials like mahogany and oak for finishes and flooring, while leaded glass and brass fixtures were used for detailing. The use of durable materials meant that homes from this period are still standing today in many parts of the country, though they may require more upkeep due to their age.
- Homes Built in 1930: The 1930s saw a shift toward more economical construction practices. While materials like wood, brick, and stone were still commonly used, builders began incorporating cheaper alternatives to cut costs. For example, plywood became more common for interior walls, and plasterboard (drywall) began replacing traditional plaster in many homes. Cement and stucco were used more frequently for exteriors, particularly in Mediterranean-style homes. The quality of materials in 1930s homes was generally lower, reflecting the economic conditions of the time.
Floor Plans and Interior Design: Functionality vs. Opulence
The floor plans and interior designs of homes built in 1910 and 1930 are also shaped by the differing economic climates and cultural influences of the time.
- Homes Built in 1910: The homes built in 1910 were typically larger and more intricate, with expansive, multi-room floor plans. Formal dining rooms, parlors, and libraries were common in upper-middle-class homes, while kitchens were often isolated and separated from living areas. These homes had high ceilings, large windows, and intricate woodwork such as wainscoting, crown molding, and built-in cabinetry. Many homes also had fireplaces in multiple rooms, with grand staircases leading to second and third floors.
- Homes Built in 1930: As the Great Depression affected personal finances, the homes built in 1930 were more modest and practical in their design. The trend toward more open, functional layouts began to take shape. Many homes from this period had smaller rooms, with a focus on practicality and space efficiency. Kitchens were more integrated into the living areas, reflecting the increasing importance of open floor plans. The use of built-in furniture became more common, and features like fireplaces were limited to the living room. The 1930s also saw a rise in the use of laminate finishes and linoleum flooring, which were cheaper and easier to maintain than traditional hardwood.
Technological Advances: Modern Amenities
By the 1930s, technological advances began to have a significant impact on the construction of homes, offering new amenities and features not found in homes built in 1910.
- Homes Built in 1910: In 1910, electricity had become more common, but many homes still relied on gas or oil for heating and cooking. Plumbing systems were generally functional but could be outdated compared to modern standards. Some homes had early forms of refrigeration and indoor plumbing, but many homes still relied on outside toilets or outhouses, particularly in rural areas.
- Homes Built in 1930: By 1930, homes were becoming more modernized with the introduction of new technologies. Central heating systems became more common, replacing fireplaces and stoves as the primary source of heat. Many homes in the 1930s also featured more advanced plumbing systems, with full bathrooms in every home and even separate water heaters. The introduction of electric refrigerators, built-in dishwashers, and other household appliances made life more convenient. The growing use of electricity allowed for more lighting and the integration of modern conveniences, including the early versions of air conditioning.
Cost of Construction and Market Trends
The cost of building homes in 1910 and 1930 also differed greatly due to economic conditions.
- Homes Built in 1910: In the early 20th century, the cost of building a home varied greatly depending on the materials and the location. Wealthy individuals could afford to build grand mansions with intricate designs, while middle-class families could still purchase homes with modest finishes. The cost of construction was generally higher in 1910 due to the quality of materials and the craftsmanship involved.
- Homes Built in 1930: The economic downturn of the Great Depression drastically reduced the cost of building materials, but it also meant that fewer people could afford to buy homes. Many homes built in 1930 were smaller and more economical, designed to appeal to the working class. Builders had to focus on keeping costs low, which is reflected in the simpler designs and the use of less expensive materials.
Conclusion
Homes built in 1910 and those built in 1930 offer a fascinating glimpse into the evolving trends in American architecture and society. While homes from 1910 are characterized by ornate designs, intricate details, and high-quality materials, homes from 1930 reflect a shift toward practicality, efficiency, and affordability. The impact of the Great Depression is particularly evident in the simpler, more functional homes built during the 1930s, which prioritized durability and practicality over decoration and opulence.
Whether you are considering purchasing or restoring a historic home or simply have an interest in architectural history, understanding the differences between homes built in 1910 versus 1930 offers valuable insights into the architectural movements and social changes that shaped these two important periods in history.
